SUPERIOR — Small monitoring devices roughly the size of a baseball started providing real-time information on air quality for Superior residents last month. Located at private residences and the city’s fire stations, the PurpleAir monitors went live July 17.
On Monday, Aug. 5, the dots on the Superior map were green, an indication that the current air quality posed little to no risk to people.
The Superior Fire Department used funds from its budget to purchase and install three sensors, one at each station.
“If you think of our role as responders, that means by definition we’re reactive to things. And I think this allows us to be proactive, kind of like doing building inspections,” said Superior Fire Chief Camron Vollbrecht.
It’s a chance to inform the community so they can protect themselves.
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“So someone doesn’t have an asthma attack today, or someone doesn’t have difficulty breathing because they have the information that hey, the air quality today isn’t great. Maybe I should adjust my plans if I have to,” Vollbrecht said.
He said the department plans to link the data on the fire department homepage and send out alerts via Facebook if air quality reaches dangerous levels.
The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources discontinued monitoring Superior’s air quality in 2018, citing funding as an issue, according to City Councilor Jenny Van Sickle, who represents the 2nd District. A state map of air quality monitoring data shows the closest Wisconsin monitor is located at the Bad River Tribal School in Ashland County. There are two in Duluth and one in Cloquet as well.
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Some residents in Allouez felt like the taconite dust got worse after the state pulled the monitor, Van Sickle said, and when the BNSF Railway taconite dust cleanup reimbursem*nt program was canceled in 2020, she went through a long process to reinstate it.
“Along with negotiating with the railroad, I had to take a crash course in fugitive dust emissions and what kind of regulations were in place,” Van Sickle said.
Other things that can impact air quality include wildfire smoke and diesel fumes.
“Prolonged exposure to diesel exhaust is a known carcinogen — these monitors will be a helpful tool to independently collect data and learn more about fluctuations in local air quality across neighborhoods,” Van Sickle wrote in a July 20 Facebook post to inform the community that the air monitors were live.
The monitors offer a public, independent source of information, she said.
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“If the DNR’s air emissions department doesn’t have the capacity to monitor and measure existing air quality, then they don’t have the capacity to keep approving projects that decrease the quality of air,” Van Sickle said.
Superior isn't the only city seeking to bring more local data to the community. Wisconsin Public Radio reported that Madison officials are in the process of deploying 63 air quality sensors to track pollutants on a hyper-local level. The three-year project is being funded by a $430,000 grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The new sensors are less accurate than DNR sensors, which scan for a wider array of pollutants, but they are less expensive.
The Wisconsin DNR has provided local correction factors for PurpleAir sensors so they more accurately compare with data from the government’s permanent sensors, according to the department’s air quality monitoring webpage .
Three other PurpleAir monitors are currently online in Superior. One was purchased by a resident; two others were purchased by Twin Ports Action Alliance following the 2018 explosion at the refinery in Superior. Ginger Juel said the alliance received grant funding through the Center for Health, Environment and Justice to purchase nine PurpleAir monitors for the Twin Ports area.
To function, the devices need to be outdoors and have access to a strong Wi-Fi signal as well as power. In the case of Superior Fire Hall 2, that meant drilling through the wall to run the needed hardware through.
More monitors may be placed in the future, but additional funding would be needed.
"As municipal buildings go up, we try to make sure they are smart and reflect predicted needs, whether that’s through technology, urban heat controls or community rooms," Van Sickle said. "Installing air monitors on more municipal buildings will make sense until we can get a full view of the conditions across the city and how particulate levels vary across neighborhoods and over time."
Visit the national fire and smoke map for air quality data that includes permanent and community sensors like those in Superior.
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This story originally provided incorrect information for how some of the PurpleAir monitors were purchased. It was updated at 2:46 p.m. Aug. 8. Two of the citizen monitors were provided through a grant received by Twin Ports Action Alliance. The Superior Telegram regrets the error.
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